Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) represents a paradigm shift from conventional white-light surgery toward real-time, molecular-based decision-making. By administering targeted fluorescent agents that selectively accumulate in tissues such as tumors, blood vessels, or lymph nodes, surgeons can visualize critical structures intraoperatively with improved contrast and greater precision. Under specialized imaging systems, these tissues “glow,” providing live, high-resolution guidance that improves tumor delineation, enables the preservation of healthy tissue, and supports more complete resection. Unlike static preoperative imaging, fluorescence imaging adds a dynamic layer of information directly during surgery, thereby enhancing the understanding of anatomy, function, and pathology.